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List of analogous Greek- and Latin-derived words in English

Much of English vocabulary derives ultimately from Greek and/or Latin root words. This page is a collection of words analogous between those two sources.

What I’m dubbing “analogs” are not necessarily cognates (though they may be cognate as well), but rather words that have essentially the same “literal” interpretation from each language. That is, each of their etymologies might be accurately explained using the same English term(s), regardless of possibly divergent semantics of the words themselves. Many have arrived in English via e.g. French or New Latin, but what matters for these purposes is the ultimate etymological source as either Hellenic or Latinate.

I intend to include only one word per potential set of derivations (different parts of speech, plurals, verb inflections, etc.), usually the most common or recognizable form.

Greek Latin Literal etymology
metaphor transfer; transport carry across
phosphor Lucifer light-bearer
sarcophagus carnivore flesh-eater
pantophagous omnivorous eating all
hyper super over
hypodermic subcutaneous below the skin
hypocritical histrionic of acting
diaphanous transparent appearing through
cosmetic ornate adorned
monastic solitary alone
monologue soliloquy speak alone
prologue anteloquy speak before
exotic exterior; extraneous outside
myrmecoid formic of ants
planet vagrant wanderer
syndrome concourse run together
periphery circumference carry around
pericope circumcision cut around
periscope circumspection look around
perigraph circumscribe write around
peripatetic circumambulatory walk around
syntax coordination arrange together
tactic order arrangement
hypotaxis subordination arrange below
ataxia inordination not arranged
technique art skill
crypt ceiling hidden
axon axis axle
epic diction speech
cacoepy malediction bad speech
metamorphosis transfiguration form across
dysplastic malformed bad molding
sphere globe ball
psilosis nudity baring
actinism radiation beam
arctic ursine of bears
zone cincture belt
symbiotic convivial living together
genesis generation creation
gonad genital of creation
gene genus; gender; gentle; genteel; genial; genius; genuine creation; kind
endogenous indigenous originating within
melanism negritude state of being black
physalis vesica bladder
h(a)emal sanguine of blood
pneumonic pulmonary of the lung
somatic corporal; corporeal; corporate of the body
disomic bicorporal having two bodies
trisomic tricorporal having three bodies
ectosomal extracorporeal outside the body
cyan cerulean blue
eczema fervor boiling
osteoid osseous bonelike
endosteal interosseous inside the bone
osteoclast ossifrage bone-breaker
trepan foramen drilled opening
abyss foundation; fund bottom
proton prime first
Anatolian Oriental eastern
anacoluthon nonsequitur not following
horizon terminal bounding
aorist interminate not bounded
toxin arc; arch bow
adelphic fraternal brotherly
clade rammel branch
cladic ramous branched
cladogenesis ramification branch-making
sternal mammary of the breast
clastic fractal; fractious; fragile; route; routine; rupture breaking
synclastic corrupt broken together
pneumatic animate; spiritual of breath
anapnoic respiratory breathing again
brachyurous brevicaudate short-tailed
cautery arson burning
caustic ardent burning
parable; parabola juxtaposition placing side by side
syndesis colligation binding together
tetrapod quadruped four-footed
ecclesiastic exciting calling forth
symphony consonant sounding together
glyph sculpture carving